EMPOWERMENT SCENARIO OF WORKING CLASS WOMEN COMMUTERS IN RURAL AREAS: A STUDY ON KRISHNAGANJ BLOCK, NADIA, WEST BENGAL NILKAMAL LASKAR* AND PRASENJIT GHOSH ** *M. A. in Geography, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India. **M.Sc. in Geography, Universit

Authors

  • Nilkamal Laskar Prasenjit Ghosh M. A. in Geography, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, India. M.Sc. in Geography, University of Madras; M. Phil Women’s Studies, The Burdwan University

Keywords:

Commuter, Empowerment, Geographical Mobility, Sustainable Development

Abstract

Women empowerment is a vital indicator of social development and equality. Any society without having proper empowerment of the women folk cannot achieve prosperity. Commuting by the rural working class women plays as a way to empowerment, as it involves economic independence, increasing geographical and cultural mobility which makes them familiar with the public space. That enables them to be an important part of family management and decision making process. They are easily contributing directly in material, social and cultural prosperity of family as well as society. Overall Involving in these activities enhancing and increasing their confidence level, power of realization etc. which enables them empowered psychologically. This paper is an attempt to correlate empowerment with the phenomena of working class women commuting.

References

Agrawal, A. (2006). Women Work and Migration in Asia. In Agrawal, A. (Ed.). Migrant Women and Work. New Delhi: Sage Publications.

Akthur, J.S.M and Azeez, A.N.P. (Feb. 2012). Rural Employment Guarantee Programme and Migration. Kurukshetra: a Journal on Rural Development, New Delhi, 60(4), 11-15.

Ananda Bazar Patrika, Kolkata, 19-8-13, P-12.

Anonymous (1971). Primary Census Abstract, District Census Handbook, Nadia, Census of India (1971), Directorate of Census Operation, West Bengal.

Anonymous (1991).Village Primary Census Abstract, District Census Handbook, Nadia, Census of India (1991), Directorate of Census Operation, West Bengal.

Anonymous (2001).Village Primary Census Abstract, District Census Handbook, Nadia, Census of India (2001), Directorate of Census Operation, West Bengal.

Asthana,H.S. and Bhusan, B. (2007). Statistics for Social Sciences. New Delhi: Prenitice Hallof India Private Limited.

Batliwala, S. and Sen, G. ,Empowering Women for Reproductive Rights.In H. B. Presser and G. Sen, (Eds.).Women Empowerment and Demographic Processes. London: Oxford University Press.

Batliwala, S. (1995). The meaning of Women’s Empowerment, Women’s World. Delhi.

Chandrasekhar, S. (2011). Estimates of Workers Commuting from Rural to Urban and Urban to Rural India: A note. Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai.

Chen, M. (1998).Women and Empowerment. New Delhi: Discovery Publishing House.

Eswaran,M. and Kotwal,A. (1998). Why Poverty Persists in India: A Framework for Understanding the Indian Economy.Culcutta: Oxford University Press.

Garrett, J.H.E. (2001). Bengal District Gazetteers Nadia, West Bengal, District Gezetteers Department of Higher Education, Govt. of West Bengal, Kolkata.

Ghosh,P., Laskar,N. and Islam,A (2012). Role of Women in Resource Management at Household Level- A Glimps of Rural West Bengal , India, Golden Research Thought, 2(6), 1-8.

Gupta,K.A. and Mashelkar R.A. (2005). Women and Formal and Informal Science.In B. Roy(Ed).Women in India: Colonial and Postcolonial Periods. New Delhi: PP.208-209. Sage Publication.

Hazra, A. (2009). Poverty in Rural India: Jeopardizing the Future Growth. Kurukshetra: A Journal on Rural Development.58 (1), 1-2. New Delhi.

Hazra, A. (2011). Empowering Women in Rural India: Exploring The Current Dynamics. Kurukshetra: a Journal on Rural Development. Delhi: 52(11).

Hirschmann, N.J. (2007). Pheminist Political Philosophy. In Linda,M. A. and Eva, F. K. (Eds.). Feminist Philosophy.Malden,U.S.A. Blackwell Publishing.

Husain, M. (2009).Human Geography.NewDelhi:Rawat Publications, Third Edition.

Husain, M. (2007).Evolution of Geographical Thought.NewDelhi: Rawat Publications.

Johnston, R.J. (1986). Philosophy and Human Geography: An Introduction to contemporary Approaches.Bultimore, U.S.A. Edward Arnold.

Kalia, H.L. Women, Work and Family. New Delhi: Rawat Publication.

Kothari, C.R. (2011). Research Methodology- Methods and Techniques. New Delhi: New Age International Publishers.

Mallik, K.N. (1998). Nadia Kahani. Dhaka: Baipatra.

Roy, A. (2008). Calcutta Requiem: Gender and the Politics of Poverty. New Delhi: Pearson Longman , An Imprint of Pearson Education.

Sharma, A. (2011). Women empowerment: Milestone and Challenges.Kurukshetra: AJournal on Rural Development.59 (11), 10-15.

Whit, J.M. (1977). A Model of Residential Location Choice and Commuting by Men and Women Workers. Journal of Regional Science, 17(1).

Downloads

Published

2015-07-31

Issue

Section

Articles