PESTICIDES AND ENVIRONMENT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HUMAN HEALTH
Keywords:
Toxicity, pesticides, environment pollution, human health.Abstract
The common chemical formulation as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, rodenticides, molluscicides and nematicides as liquids, wettable powder, emulsifiable concentrates and dusts, and plant growth regulators especially 2,4-D are used in order to control weeds, pest and diseases in crops which in turn affect health of humans and animals. The positive aspect of use of pesticides renders enhanced crop/food productivity and drastic reduction of vector - borne diseases. When they are sprayed, move through the air and eventually end up in other parts of the environment like soil and water. However, their unregulated and indiscriminate applications have raised serious concerns about the entire environment in general and the health of humans, birds, flora and fauna and animals in particular. The pesticides may act as teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic thus attack non-target host plants and animals. Pesticides cause serious health hazards to living systems because of their fat solubility and bioaccumulation in non-target organisms. Even at low concentration pesticides may exert several adverse effects, which could be monitored at biochemical, molecular or behavioral levels. The factors affecting environment pollution with pesticides and their residues include drainage, rainfall, microbial activity, soil temperature, treatment surface, application rate as well as the solubility, mobility and half life of pesticides.References
Andrew, N.R., Hughes, L.(2007) potential host colonization by insect herbivores in a warmer climate : a transplant experiment - Global change Biol. 13: P.P.1539-1549. 2. Kogan, M., Jepson, P.(2007) perspective in ecological theory and integrated pest management (Cambridge, University) 3. M.J. Perry (2008) ' effects of Environmental and occupational pesticide exposure on Human sperm: A systematic review". Human Reproduction update, vol. 1. 14 PP. 233-242.
P.B. Singh and V.Singh (2008) "Pesticide bioaccumulation and plasma sex steroids in fishes during breeding phase from North India " Environmental toxicology and
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