AN OVERVIEW ON CLUB DRUGS

Authors

  • Miss. Madhuri, Mrs. Sushma Upadhyay Assistant Professors

Keywords:

Abstract

The chronological Concept of club drugs was first of all come in knowledge among public in the mid of 1980s from Britain and the United States. They are a pharmacologically heterogeneous group of the drug that tends to be ill-treated by teenagers and younger generations at bars, nightclub, concerts, rave parties and parties etc. Gama-hydroxy-butyrate (GHB), Ketamine, and Rohypnol (flunitrazepam) are the most popularly used club drugs in our society because they are perceived to enhance energy, stamina, friendliness and sexual provocation and enhance social familiarity and sensory inspiration. By keeping above points in mind in this present article the author has describes the various physical, chemical properties, toxicity, pharmacology, treatment and toxicological effects of above mentioned drugs.

References

Kaustav Chakraborty, Rajarshi Neogi & Debasish Basu; Club drugs: review of the ‘rave’ with a note of concern for the Indian scenario; Received February , 2010;Indian J Med Res 133, June 2011, pp 594-604.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketamine, accessed on dated 3rd, June,2017

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-Hydroxybutyric_acid, accessed on dated 3rd, June,2017

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flunitrazepam, accessed on dated 3rd, June,2017

Paul M. Gahliinger, M.D., PH.D., M.P.HClub Drugs: MDMA, Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB), Rohypnol, and Ketamine;-American Family Physician;Volume 69, Number 11 / June 1, 2004.

Mary Klein , RN, BSN; Frances Kromer, CRNA ,ND,MSN; Rave drugs ;consideration AANA journal course/feb2014/vol.72/no.1;page no. 61-67.

Domino EF, Chodoff P, Corssen G. Pharmacological effects of CI-581, a new dissociative anaesthetic, in man. ClinPharmacolTher 1966; 6:279-291

Reich DL, Silvay G. Ketamine: an update on the first twenty-five years of clinical experience. Can J Anaesth 1989; 36:186-97.

Haas DA, Harper DG. Ketamine: a review of its pharmacologic properties and use in ambulatory anesthesia. AnesthProg 1992; 39:61-8.

Jansen K. (2000a). Anaesthetic apocalypse. Ketamine part 1: hits and myths. Druglink 2000 (jan/feb):7-11.

Jansen K. (2000b). Anaesthetic apocalypse. Ketamine part 2: addictive psychedelic. Druglink 2000 (march/april):18-21.

Vollenweider FX, Vontobel P, Oye I, Hell D, Leenders KL. Effects of (S)-ketamine on striatal dopamine: a [11C]raclopride PET study of a model psychosis in humans. J Psychiatr Res 2000;34:35-43.

Engelhardt W. Recovery and psychomimetic reactions following S-(+)-ketamine. Anaesthesist 1997;46(Suppl 1):S38-42.

Kipke MD, Weiss G, Ramirez M, Dorey F, Ritt-Olson A, Iverson E, et al. Club drug use in Los Angeles among young men who have sex with men. Subst Use Misuse 2007;42:1723-43

Bergman SA. Ketamine: review of its pharmacology and its use in paediatric anaesthesia. Anesth Prog 1999; 46:1020.

Jeffrey T. Parsons, PhD,a,b,c Christian Grov, PhD, MPH,a,d and Brian C. Kelly, PhDa,e: "Club Drug Use and Dependence Among Young Adults Recruited Through Time-Space Sampling" Public Health Rep. 2009 Mar-Apr; 124(2): 246–254

http://www.clubdrugs.org , accessed on dated 13th, June,2017

http://www.drugabuse.com, accessed on dated 13th, June,2017

Budavari S, O'Neil MJ, Smith A, Heckelman PE (Eds.). The Merck index. An encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs and biologicals. 11th Edition. Merck & Co. Inc.: Rahway, New Yersey, USA, 1989.

Rome ES, It’s a ravenew world: Rave culture and illicit drug use in the young. Cleve Clin J Med 2001; 68 : 541-50.

Weir E. Raves: a review of the culture, the drugs and the 2. Prevention of harm. CMAJ 2000; 162 : 1843-8

New Scientist 1995; 1999 : 51-2.Singh AN, Catalan J. Rave drug(ecstasy)and selective

Singh AN, Catalan J. Rave drug serotonin reuptake inhibitor anti-depressants. Indian J Psychiatry 2000; 42 : 195-7

RothenBerg, S., Schottenfeld, S., Meyer, R.E. and Krauss, K. (1977). Performance differences between addicts and non-addicts. Psychopharmacology. 52, 299-306.

Williams, H., Taylor, R. and Roberts, M. (1998). Gamma-hydroxy-butyrate (GHB): a new drug of misuse. Ir Med J. 91:2 56-7

Smith KM, Larive LL, Romanelli F. Club Drugs: Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, flunitrazepam, ketamine 2002; 59 (11); 1067-1076.

Downloads

Published

2017-06-30

Issue

Section

Articles