PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF GROUND WATER AND SURFACE WATER IN GWALIOR REGION (M.P.) INDIA
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Abstract
Water is essential to good health and economic progress, yet its provision to most urban residents in the developing world is still an unattainable goal. Indiscriminate exploitation of ground water for agricultural and industrial purpose has further aggravated the situation, affecting the quality and quantity of ground water. In Gwalior city the scarcity of drinking water occurred mostly in every summer. Due to excessive dose of iron, manganese, chloride, sulphates, total dissolved solids, hardness, alkalinity or acidity. Physico-chemical parameters of ground water of municipal area of Gwalior city was carried out seasonally to study the quality of water and suitability for domestic purpose. Water samples from different sources at different locations were collected in different seasons. Following parameters were monitored & analysed by APHA (pH, Electric conductivity, TDS, Turbidity, Total hardness and Content of Fluoride, Sulphate, Chloride etc.) and results were compared with the standard values prescribed by WHO and APHA. The present investigation revealed that the quality of water of a source varies from season to season and some of the water samples are unfit for drinking and utility purpose. The status of drinking water in selected sampling sites is worst, distorted ecological equilibrium and urgent requirement to emphasize an eco-friendly technique. The main aim of this study is to assess the ground water and surface water quality status of selected sites of Gwalior region.
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Table No.1 Physico-chemical analysis of ground water and surface water samples
Sampling Stations G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 S1 S2 S3
Temperature (oC) 28 30 27 32 32 28 33 31 30
EC (µmhos/cm) 675
875 295 190 574 295 297 270
TDS (ppm) 430
188.7 187.6 120.5 172.2 57.8 59.7 57.1
pH 7.2
3 8.7 8.3 8 7 7.6 7.4 7.1
Total Hardness 500 480 530 380 280 400 190 200 240
Ca Hardness 310 257 372.5 178.5 105 215 84 76 94.5
Mg Hardness 46.17 54.18 38.27 48.96 42.52 49.81 30.61 28.18 35.35
Total Alkalinity 170 210 130 110 100 150 85 80 170
Total Acidity 242 244 202 68.3 155 198 36.3 80 92
Chloride 16.26
77 26.76 19.67 18.01 20.27 26.12 24.02 22.12
Nitrate 1.7 1.1 2.4 0.7 1.3 1.6 7.5 7.8 6.7
Nitrite 0.46 0.20 0.51 0.05 0.12 0.23 0.97 1.4 0.93
Cr (Hexavalent) 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.001 ND* 0.002 0.001 0.002 0.007
Pb 0.003 0.005 0.015 0.002 ND* 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.003
Note: *Except Temperature, EC, TDS and pH all results are expressed in mgl 1 * ND= Not Detectable
G1 :Morar G2 :Gole Ka Mandir G3: Railway Station
G4: Shinde Ki Chawni G5: Kampoo G6: Govindpuri
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