IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTY OF TAMARINDUS INDICA LEAF ALCOHOLIC AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS AGAINST SEVEN BACTERIAL AND FIVE FUNGAL STRAINS
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Abstract
In the present investigation an attempt has been made to study the antimicrobial effect of T. indica leaf extract against three gram +ve , four gram –ve and five fungal strains. This was compared to the standard antibacterial and antifungal drugs The comb hexa g+7 (Himedia) containing six commercial antibiotics – Amphicillin (Amp), Cephalothin (Cep), Clindamycin (Cd), Erythromycin (E), Oxacillin (Ox), Vancomycin (Va) was used to study for bacterial strains and Strp (Streptomycin):Flu (Fluconazole): Itra (Itraconazole): Keto (Ketoconazole): Metro (Metroconazole) for fungal cultures. Ethanolic extract did not show any inhibition zone for all tested microorganisms. Methanolic extract has shown inhibitory effect against all the tested microorganisms except Candida albicans, Candida glabrata. While aqueous extract of leaf showed inhibition zone only against S. aureus and E. coli.References
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Antibiotics Concentration Diameter of inhibition zone ( in mm)
L. acidophilus B. subtilis S. aureus S. typhi E. coli P. aeruginosa P. mirabilis
Amp 10mcg 30.4±1.21 ++++ - - - - 11±3.08 +++ - - - - - -
Cep 30mcg 24.6±1.86 ++++ 26±3.11 ++++ 9.2±0.37 +++ 14.4±0.68 ++++ 14±0.55 ++++ 9.0±1.00 ++ 8.5±0.50 ++
CD 2mcg 21.4±0.93 ++++ 16.8±1.39 ++++ - - 7±0.32 + 10.4±0.51 +++ 7.5±0.50 ++ - -
E 15mcg 23.6±1.12 ++++ 24.4±0.51 ++++ - - 12.4±0.51 ++++ 11.4±0.24 ++++ - - 9.5±0.50 +++
OX 1mcg 21.8±1.71 ++++ 13±0.84 ++++ - - - - - - - - - -
VA 30mcg 17±1.87 ++++ 17±1.67 ++++ - - - - 5.4±0.40 + - - - -
Sensitivity levels- : +=5.0 to 7.0 mm; ++ = 7.1 to 9.0; +++ =9.1 to 11.0, ++++=11.1 above.
Table-1: Differential sensitivity test for Bacterial cultures against Antibiotic disk Hexa G +7.
Conc. Antifungal drug Diameter of inhibition zone ( in mm)
µg C. albicans C. glabrata C. krusei Candida sp. A. niger
Streptomycin 10.2±3.80 +++ 12.4±0.51 ++++ - - 15.2±0.37 ++++ - -
Fluconazole 18.2±0.58 ++++ 11.0±0.50 +++ 17.40±0.51 ++++ 11.6±0.24 ++++ 16.2±0.37 ++++
Itraconazole - - - - 9.20±0.37 + - - - -
Ketoconazole - - - - - - 6.8±0.37 + - -
Metroconazole 6.4±0.51 + 10.4±0.81 +++ - - - - 5.4±0.24 +
Sensitivity levels- : +=5.0 to 7.0 mm; ++ = 7.1 to 9.0; +++ =9.1 to 11.0, ++++=11.1 above.
Table-2: Differential sensitivity test for Fungal cultures against standard antifungal.
trains Zone of Inhibition Ethanolic extract of leaves (in mm)
Concentration
µg 100µg 200µg
L. acidophilus 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
B. subtilis 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
S. aureus 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
S. typhi 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
E. coli 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
P.aeruginosa 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
P. mirabilis 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
C. albicans 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
C. glabrata 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
C. krusei 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
Candida sp. 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
A. niger 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
Sensitivity levels- : +=5.0 to 7.0 mm; ++ = 7.1 to 9.0; +++ =9.1 to 11.0, ++++=11.1 above.
Table-3: Differential sensitivity test for Bacterial and fungal cultures against Ethanol extract of T. indica leaves.
Strains Zone of Inhibition Methanolic extract of leaves
Concentration
µg 100µg 200µg
L. acidophilus 5±0.0 + 9.4±0.40 +++ 11.8±0.37 ++++
B. subtilis 5±0.0 + 5±1.26 + 9.4±0.81 +++
S. aureus 0±0.0 - 10±0.55 +++ 11±0.32 +++
S. typhi 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
E. coli 0±0.0 - 7.2±0.20 ++ 9.4±0.60 +++
P.aeruginosa 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
P. mirabilis 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 6.5±0.71 +
C. albicans 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
C. glabrata 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
C. krusei 0±0.0 - 7.50±0.50 ++ 11±1.00 +++
Candida sp. 0±0.0 - 5.5±0.50 + 9±1.00 ++
A. niger 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
Sensitivity levels- : +=5.0 to 7.0 mm; ++ = 7.1 to 9.0; +++ =9.1 to 11.0, ++++=11.1 above.
Table-4: Differential sensitivity test for Bacterial and fungal cultures against methanol extract of T. indica leaves.
Strains Zone of Inhibition aqueous extract of leaves
Concentration
µg 100µg 200µg
L. acidophilus 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
B. subtilis 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
S. aureus 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 5±1.26 +
S. typhi 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
E. coli 0±0.0 - 10±0.55 +++ 10±0.77 +++
P.aeruginosa 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
P. mirabilis 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
C. albicans 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
C. glabrata 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
C. krusei 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
Candida sp. 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
A. niger 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 - 0±0.0 -
Sensitivity levels- : +=5.0 to 7.0 mm; ++ = 7.1 to 9.0; +++ =9.1 to 11.0, ++++=11.1 above.
Table-5: Differential sensitivity test for Bacterial and fungal cultures against Aqueous extract of T. indica leaves.
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