RIGHT TO WATER AS HUMAN RIGHT: FROM ALPHA TO OMEGA
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Water is one of the most precious, limited, threatened and unevenly distributed (in terms of geo-spatial dynamics) socio1-economic2 natural resources available on the planet Earth. It is fundamental for life, health and survival of living beings obviously including human being.3 The most seminal feature of water is that unlike most other natural resources, it does not have a substitute in its main uses.4 Water is used to fulfill many different needs and perform many different functions.5 These uses can be meticulously arranged into three broad priority-based categories-water for life,6 water for citizens7 and water for development.8 Thus, we may mark that water has been a decisive factor in the socio-economic development of a nation or regionReferences
Dr. Vandana Shiva, “The First and Last Commons” (2005), Vol.49(6), Yojana, pp.6-8.
Desmond Mc Neill, “Water as an Economic Good” (1999), Vol.200, Water Resource Journal, p.89. Also see, Chandra Bhushan, “Bottled Loot” (2006), Vol.23(7), Frontline, pp.11-25. See Also, J.F. Talbot, “Is the International Water Business Really a Business?” (2002), World Bank Water and Sanitation Lecture Series, available at www.worldbank.org/wbi. Also see, Ramaswamy R. Iyer, “Charting a Course for the Future-I”, Vol.36, Eco. & Pol. Wkly, p.1115. 3. Asit K Biswas, “Water Policies in the Developing World” (2001), Vol.17(4), International Journal of Water Resources Development, pp.489-499. 4. A. B. Jain, “Management of Water Resources: Improper Technologies could Jeopardize Further”, The Hindu Survey of Indian Agriculture, 2002. 5 . Amrit Pandurangi, “Is Water a Social Good” (2007), Vol.51(9), Yojana, pp.13-15. 6 . Water for life is usually given the highest priority as it concerns the provisions of water for the survival of human beings and other living beings as well. This function makes it necessary to guarantee the sustainability of the ecosystem so that a minimum quantity of good quality water is accessible to all. 7 . Water for citizens concerns the provision of water for public health and for public institutions, and is related to the social rights of the individual and community. This function takes into account the interests of the society as a whole, including values of social cohesion and equity. 8. Water for development is an economic function and is related to production activities which fulfill private interests such as irrigation for agriculture, hydroelectricity, or industry. This is the function that should receive the last priority. However, water for development consumes the largest quantity of water from all surface and groundwater resources and consequently is largely responsible for creating problems of local scarcity and also of pollution.
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