EFFECT OF EMF RADIATIONS GENERATED BY MOBILE PHONES ON DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES AND MORTALITY OF CHICK EMBRYO

Authors

  • MamataChandrakar Shital Dharmik Department of Zoology, ShikshaMandal’sJankidevi Bajaj College of Science, Wardha

Keywords:

Chick embryos, EMF, mobile phones, developmental anomaly, mortality.

Abstract

The rapidly increased use of mobile phones has caused the general concern on the possible health hazards on human being and on other animals. There had been so many researches going on EMF exposure and its effects. Some studies concluded that EMF affects on genes, caused oxidative stress. It also showed some effects on immune system and might be carcinogenic also. While some studies concluded that exposure of Electromagnetic frequencies didn’t affect biological systems at all. The present work was put forward to study the effects of exposure of electromagnetic fields from mobile phones on survival, development as well as general growth of chick embryo. Fertile hen eggs of ‘Rhode Island Red’ species were divided as control group (Group A=18) and experimental group (Group B=18). Both the groups were incubated in the separate incubators at temperature 37°C. The experimental group had treated with an active mobile phone during incubation. The cell phone was kept on silent ringing mode and rang for 15 minutes each four times daily from other mobile phone. The control as well as experimental embryos were extracted on 7th and 14th day of incubation. The developmental anomalies and survival rate of experimental group was compared with that of control group.  The growth rate of experimental group is higher than control group. Also deformities were seen in limb development, eye formation, neck curvature and abnormalities in beak were seen in experimental group. It was concluded that EMF exposure might caused developmental anomalies, increased body weight, length and increased mortality rate in chick embryos.

References

Agarwal, A., Desai, N. R., Makker, K., Varghese A., Mouradi, R., Sabanegh, E., &Sharma, R. (2009).Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMW) from cellular phones on human ejaculated semen: an in vitro pilot study. Fertility and Sterility 92(4):1318-25.

Bernabò, N.,Barboni, B. E., Russo, V., Martelli, A., Turriani, M.,&Mattoli, M. (2010). Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field exposure affects fertilization outcome in swine animal model Theriogenology 73(9):1293-1305 PMID: 20176397

Dasdag, S., Akdag, M. Z., Ayyildiz,0.,Demirtas, O.C., Yayla, M., &Sari, C.(2000). Do cellular phones alter blood parameters and birth weight of rats? Electro and Magnetobiology; 19: 107-113.

Dasdag, S.,Yilmaz, F.,Akdag, M. Z.,&Kilinc, N. (2008).Whole-Body Exposure of Radiation Emitted from 900 MHz Mobile Phones Does Not Seem to Affect the Levels of Anti-Apoptotic bcl-2 Protein Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, Vol. 27, No. 1

Farrell, J.M., Barber, M., Krause D., &Litovitz T.A.(1998).The Superposition of a Temporally Incoherent Magnetic Field Inhibits 60 Hz-induced Changes in the ODC Activity of Developing Chick Embryos. Bioelectromagnetics 19:53–56

Fatma Al-Qudsi., &Azzouz S.(2012). Effect of Electromagnetic Mobile Radiation on Chick Embryo Development. Life Science Journal;9(2)

Hardell, L., Nasman, A., Pahlson, A., Hallquist A., &Mild K.H. (1999). Use of cellular telephone & the risk for brain tumours: A case control study. International Journal of Oncology;15:1I.3.

Hocking, B. (1998): Preliminary report: Symptoms associated with mobile phone use, Occupational medicine; 48 (6) 357.

Hocking, B., &Westerman, R.(2000). Neurological abnormalities associated with mobile phones, Occupational medicine, 50: 366.

Ingole, I. V., & Ghosh, S. K. (2006).Exposure to radio frequency radiation emitted by cell phone and mortality in chick embryos (Gallus domesticus). Biomedical Research; 17 (3): 205-210

Jyoti.,Kohli, R.K., &Bagai, U. (2014).Effect of Mobile Phone Frequency Radiation On Early Development Of Chick Embryo. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 3, No 3, 1273-1280.

Kalantari, S., Bigdeli, M.R., &Lahijani, M.S. (2014). Cellular apoptosis and blood brain barrier permeability changes in the pre-incubated chicken embryo’s brain by effect of electromagnetic fields. Zahedan J. Res. Med. Sci., 16: 29-34.

Kesari, K.K., Kumar, S., &Behari, J.(2010). Mobile phone usage and maleinfertility in Wistar rats.Indian J Exp Biol. 48:987–992.

Kesari, K.K., Kumar, S.,&Behari, J. (2011). Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic wave exposure from cellular phones on the reproductivepattern in male Wistar rats.ApplBiochemBiotechnol.164:546–559.

Kovvali, G. (2011).Cellphones are as carcinogenic as coffee. Journal of Carcinogenesis;10(1):18

Lai, H., &Singh, N.P. (1996). DNA Single and double-strand DNA breaks in rat brain cells after acute exposure to low-level radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation. International Journal of Radiation Biology 69:513-521.

Lahijani,M.S., &Ghafoori, M. (2000).Teratogenic effects of sinusoidal extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on morphology of 24 hr chick embryos. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. Volume 38, pp. 692-699.

Magras, I.N., &Xenos, T.D.(1997). RF radiation-induced changes in the prenatal development of mice. Bioelectromagnetics 18(6):455-61 PMID: 9261543

Miguel López-Soler, Olga Roda-Murillo, M Teresa PascualMorenilla, Miguel GuiraoPiñeyro, Indalecio Sanchez-Montesinos, &José A. Roda Moreno.,(2009).Development disorders and increasedmortality in chick embryos experimental toelectromagnetic fields of 10μT and 30 Hz. European Journal of Anatomy, 13 (2): 67-69

Rajendra, P., Sujatha, H.N., Devendranath, D., Gunasekaran, B.,Sashidhar, R.B., Subramanyam, C., &Channakeshava. (2004). Biological effects of power frequency magnetic fields: Neurochemical and toxicological changes in developing chick embryos; Biomagnetic Research and Technology; 2: 1.

Parivar, K., Kouchesfehani, M.H., Boojar, M.M.,&Hayati, R.N.,(2006).Organ culture studies on the development of mouse embryo limb buds under EMF influence;International Journal of Radiation Biology; 82 (7): 455 – 464.

Panagopoulos, D.J., Karabarbounis, A.,&Margaritis, L.H., (2004). Effect of GSM 900 MHz mobile phone radiation on the reproductive capacity of Drosophila melanogaster. Electromagn. Biol. Med. 23:29-43.

Penafiel,M.,Litovitz,T., Krause,D., Desta,A., &Mullins, J.M.,(1997). Role of modulation on the effect of microwaves on ornithine decarboxylase activity in L929 cells, Bioelectromagnetics; 18 : 132-141.

Pourlis, A.F.(2009). Reproductive and developmental effects of EMF in vertebrate animal models Pathophysiology 16 ; 179–189

Repacholi, M.H.(2001).Health risks from the use of mobile phones. Toxicology Letters 120 323–331.

Saito, E.E.(1991).Teratogenic effects of Radio frequency radiation cited in Biological effects and safety of EMR, CSIRO, 22:65-68.

Vignal, R., Crouzier, D., Dabouis, V., &Debouzy.(2009). Effects of mobile phones and radar radiofrequency on the eye. PatholBiol (Paris).;57(6):503-8.

Youbicier-Simo,B.J.,Boudard, F.,Cabaner, C.,&Bastide, M.(1997).Biological effects of continuous exposure of embryos and young chickens to electromagnetic fields emitted by video display units; Bioelectromagnetics, Vol.18(7):514-523.

Zareen, N., Khan, M.Y., &Minhas L.A.(2009). Dose related shifts in the developmental progress of chick embryos experimental to mobile phone induced electromagnetic field. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad; B; 21, 130-134.

Zareen, N., Khan, M.Y., &Minhas L.A. (2009). Derangement of chick embryo retinal differentiation caused by radiofrequency electromagnetic field. Congenital Anomalies; A;49:15-19.

Downloads

Published

2015-02-28

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 3 (2015): FEBRUARY 2015

Section

Articles

License

Copyright Notice

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, without the written consent of the Publisher. The Editors reserve the right to edit or otherwise alter all contributions, but authors will receive proofs for approval before publication.

Copyrights for articles published in World Scholars journals are retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.