FLOOD MAPPING OF YAMUNA RIVER, DELHI, INDIA
Keywords:
River Hydraulics, GIS, Flood Inundation.Abstract
There have been extreme climatic conditions due to climate change and as a result, the intensity of rainfall has increased tremendously causing floods in India. Floodplain mapping is important tool for emergency action plans and urban growth planning. It is, therefore, prudent that such a natural hazard is addressed in a way to reduce the impact on people life and the environment. To achieve the aim of river modelling and flood hazard mapping, spatial technology, HEC-RAS hydraulic model was used. In this research, a DEM, which is basic input for an effective flood modelling was derived from Cartosat Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The geometric data needed for the modelling process were extracted from the DEM. A remotely sensed image was classified into various land uses which was used for estimating the roughness coefficient of the various cover types. The present study addresses the simulated water discharge against observed one of 10,082 cumec of water discharge on 23 September, 2010 in the Yamuna River. The model was developed using a hydraulic modelling (HEC-RAS), Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS).The flooded area was geometrically overlaid on the topographic map to delineate the affected area. The hazard map produced clearly shows the spatial distribution of the flooded area which is located at areas with relatively low relief. The total flooded area covers an approximately 15.63 km2. Also a flood depth of 5.14 m and velocity 1.79 m/s in Yamuna floodplain were obtained as the maximum water level. The water surface profiles could easily be converted to floodplain maps. From the results of hydraulic model, water depth, velocity maps were prepared and the flood inundated area was also calculated in GIS for Yamuna River (New Delhi).
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